comparative study of the drumstick

The drumstick is a particular chromatin structure in the neutrophils of various mammalian females. In the present study comparison was done between drumsticks of normal 50 human females and 70 animal females of seven different groups, including cats, dogs, rabbits, albino rats, cows, buffaloes and sheeps, each group consisted of ten animals. Fresh and dried blood films were done and stained for all females. In fresh blood the drumsticks were clearly detected in neutrophils with 3-5 lobes in human and 3-7 lobes in animals. They were formed of a basophilic dense homogeneous chromatin drum, often with central sapce, and attached to one nuclear lobe by a thread-like chromatin stick. There were Only oval and round shapes in all females, and highly significant low drumstick frequency was found in human than in animals but no significant differences were present between human and animal drum diameter and stick length. In dried blood, drumsticks were present after one and two months in some neutrophils with normal nuclei, but without cell membranes. They were identical in structure and shape to those of fresh blood, its frequency could not be estimated, and slight changes occurred in their dimensions. After three months, neutrophils with normal nuclei were completely absent. Lastly it was concluded that drumstick frequency could be successfully used for identification of only fresh human female blood, while its presence is useful for sex identification

morphological study of iris print

This work was done on 500 phenotypically normal individuals from El Gharbia Governorate with healthy eyes, as a sample of Egyptian population, to study the different patterns of iris prints as a new rapid visual recognition method used for personal identification. The irises revealed trabecular meshwork of ridges, enclosing spaces or depressions in-between. The radially arranged ridges in the pupillary zone peripherally joined in certain manners, to form 1-3 arcade tiers ended by a collarette of variable degree of corrugation, which demarcate the pupillary from the ciliary zone. The latter, revealed larger ridges forming larger arcades, in both zones, the arcades enclosed spaces of variable shapes. So many points of comparison were obtained, depending on the collarette shape as well as the differences in the ridge arrangement, direction, apparent length and width, site of branching and number of arcade tiers. Too the differences in depression arrangement, depth, size and shape. Combination of such variables in different manners constitutes distinctive prints, with highly visible patterns and unique minutiae, which are specific for every person. This relatively new biometric has many properties, which enhance its use, as a successful identifying technique for bank security, entrance authorization for restricted areas, Olympic games and replace or supplement personal identification number, passwords and access cards. Additionally, it may be used for positive identification of high-value animal for racing or breeding

Anatomical observations on the origin of the long head of biceps brachii and its relation to the glenoid cavity of the scapula in Egyptians

In this study 372 dry adult Egyptian scapulae were examined for distribution of facets around the margins of the glenoid cavity and to correlate between them and the origin of the long head of biceps brachii muscle. 78% of scapulae showed absence of facets on the margins of glenoid cavity; 15% had facets on the posterosuperior margin; 3% on the anterosuperior margin; 2% on both posterosuperior and anterosuperior margins and 2% had a small triangular facet on the apex of the glenoid cavity. The supraglenoid tubercle was prominent in 98% of the cases and it was located on the posterior aspect of the glenoid cavity by about 1-5 mm from its apex. The tubercle gave origin to the long head of biceps in 79% of the cases. The dissected shoulder joints revealed that the glenoid cavity was surrounded by a complete layer of labrum and the slips from the tendon were attached to it, giving more stability to the shoulder joint